Health care
STORIES: Why Birds Breathe More Efficiently Than Humans
STORIES: Why Birds Breathe More Efficiently Than Humans
STORIES: Why birds breathe more efficiently than humans. Breathing is essential for life, but not all living creatures breathe in the same way. Birds have one of the most efficient respiratory systems in nature, and it works very differently from the human breathing system. This unique design allows birds to fly at high altitudes, travel long distances, and remain active for extended periods without getting tired.
In humans, breathing works using an in-and-out airflow system. Air enters the lungs when we inhale and leaves the same way when we exhale. This means fresh oxygen mixes with used air inside the lungs, making oxygen exchange less efficient. Human lungs expand and contract like balloons, and oxygen enters small air sacs called alveoli. While this system works well for everyday activities, it has limits—especially during intense physical effort.
Birds breathe in a much more advanced way. Instead of pushing air in and out of the same space, birds use a one-way airflow system. Their lungs stay stiff and do not expand like human lungs. Instead, birds have special structures called air sacs that act like bellows, moving air continuously through the lungs.
When a bird inhales, fresh air flows into the air sacs and then moves in one direction through the lungs. Even when the bird exhales, fresh air continues to pass through the lungs. This means birds receive a constant supply of oxygen, unlike humans, who get oxygen only during part of each breath.
This one-way airflow makes oxygen absorption far more efficient. Birds extract more oxygen from each breath, which is crucial for high-energy activities like flying. It also allows birds to survive in low-oxygen environments, such as high mountains where humans struggle to breathe.
Because of this powerful breathing system, birds have a higher metabolic rate, better endurance, and faster recovery after exertion. Scientists study bird respiration to better understand aerodynamics, oxygen efficiency, sports performance, and respiratory health.

Why Birds Breathe More Efficiently Than Humans
The bird respiratory system has inspired research in medical science, bioengineering, and aviation technology. Understanding how birds move air so efficiently could help improve oxygen delivery systems, ventilators, and treatments for lung diseases in humans.
In simple terms:
Humans: air goes in and out of the same lungs → less efficient
Birds: air moves in one direction through lungs → more efficient
That is why birds can fly long distances, stay active for hours, and function at high altitudes where humans would struggle.
In conclusion, birds breathe more efficiently than humans because of their one-way airflow and air sac system. This design provides continuous oxygen, supports high energy demands, and represents one of nature’s most advanced respiratory systems.
Studying bird breathing not only helps us understand animals better but also opens doors to future innovations in health, medicine, and human performance.
Abuja
FCTA Confirms Antivenom Stock, Warns Negligent Hospitals, Gives Emergency Lines
FCTA Confirms Antivenom Stock, Warns Negligent Hospitals, Gives Emergency Lines
FCTA confirms antivenom stock, warns negligent hospitals, gives emergency lines. The FCTA said all public hFCTA confirms antivenom stock, warns negligent hospitals, gives emergency linesospitals have sufficient antivenom after singer Ifunanya Nwangene’s death at FMC Jabi. Dr. Adedolapo Fasawe warned facilities to follow protocols or face sanctions, stressing that early treatment is critical.

FCTA
The territory has added 12 ambulances, improved ICUs, and centralized antivenom storage.
Residents are urged to use emergency lines 090157892931 or 090157892932.
Economy
NARD: Resident Doctors Give FG Four Weeks To Meet Demands
NARD: Resident Doctors Give FG Four Weeks To Meet Demands
NARD: Resident doctors give FG four weeks to meet demands. The Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors (NARD) has issued a four-week ultimatum to the federal government to fully implement outstanding agreements on salaries, allowances and welfare.
The decision was taken at the end of the association’s national executive council (NEC) meeting and scientific conference, held from January 25 to 29, 2026, in Jos, Plateau state.
In a communiqué signed by Mohammad Suleiman, NARD president, the association expressed appreciation to President Bola Tinubu, Vice-President Kashim Shettima, and other key stakeholders for their roles in ongoing engagements.
The NEC acknowledged the reinstatement of disengaged doctors at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja, and commended the intervention of the ministry of labour and employment and the integrated payroll and personnel information system (IPPIS) on the outstanding 25 and 35 percent consolidated medical salary structure (CONMESS) and accoutrement allowance arrears.
NARD also noted that promotion and salary arrears had been forwarded to relevant authorities, with assurances from the minister of finance that payments would be expedited.
However, the association expressed concern over delays in circulating the directive affirming CONMESS 3 as the approved entry level for medical doctors.
It also decried the non-payment of the professional allowance provided for in the 2026 Appropriation Act and persistent salary arrears across several health institutions.
The association warned of worsening industrial relations at the Benue state University Teaching Hospital and demanded urgent action, alongside calls for improved welfare, timely release of training funds and renewed investment in health infrastructure nationwide.
“The NEC demands the expeditious clearance of the outstanding 25%/35% CONMESS arrears and accoutrement allowance arrears within the assured two weeks, as committed by the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS), following the intervention of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment,” the communique reads.

Doctors
“The NEC demands the prompt payment of all promotion arrears already forwarded to the appropriate authorities, in line with the assurances of the Honourable Minister of Finance for payment within the next four (4) weeks.
“The NEC demands the expedited payment of all outstanding salary arrears owed to specific centres, which have been duly forwarded to the Federal Ministry of Finance for processing, within the assured four (4) week timeline.
“After exhaustive deliberations and in recognition of the progress made by the Federal Government towards addressing the legitimate demands of Nigerian resident doctors, the NEC has resolved to extend the suspension of the Total Indefinite Comprehensive Strike (TICS) for a further period of four (4) weeks as a further goodwill gesture, to allow for the full implementation of the Association’s demands.”
The association had earlier suspended its plan to commence another strike on January 12.
The doctors said this was done after firm commitments from critical stakeholders following Shettima’s intervention.
Economy
Ododo Government Unveils Construction Of Model Veterinary Hospital
Ododo Government Unveils Construction Of Model Veterinary Hospital
Ododo government unveils construction of model veterinary hospital. Kogi’s commissioner for livestock development, Olufemi Bolarin, handed over the site to the contractor in Osara, Adavi.
The Kogi government has advanced the construction of a model veterinary hospital, a flagship project under the Livestock Productivity and Resilience Support project.
The facility, to be built at the Cattle Value Cluster Osara, Adavi LGA, aims to strengthen animal health systems, improve livestock productivity, and enhance food safety and security.
Kogi’s commissioner for livestock development, Olufemi Bolarin, handed over the site to the contractor in Osara, Adavi.
Mr Bolarin described the project as a strategic investment in improved animal health service delivery, disease prevention, and control to improve livestock productivity in Kogi.
He noted that the project would revolutionise the state’s livestock sector by providing modern veterinary services, enhancing disease surveillance, and promoting the One Health approach.
He thanked the federal government, the World Bank, and the national L-PRES office for their support, saying the project aligns with the state’s developmental agenda and livestock transformation roadmap.
Mr Bolarin praised Governor Ahmed Ododo for his visionary leadership to transform the livestock sector into a modern, productive and resilient contributor to food security, public health and economic development.

Ahmed Ododo
The commissioner urged contractors to comply with approved designs, timelines, and quality specifications.
The project coordinator, Abdulkabir Otaru, said the hospital would address challenges faced by livestock farmers, including limited access to quality veterinary services and inadequate disease surveillance.
Mr Otaru emphasised that the facility will provide modern veterinary clinical services, disease diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance, and support improved animal disease surveillance and response capacity.
He commended the governor for creating an enabling environment for the project and for promptly paying the State counterpart funding for the implementation of the L-PRES project in Kogi.
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